Ema BFS Delivers Exceptional Economics
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Ema Rare Earth Project - Bankable Feasibility Study
Delivering Exceptional Economics
Post-Tax NPV8 US$1.47B | IRR 105%IRR76%
US$74M Capex | 6 months payback
US$8.84/kg TREO Opex | Among the Lowest Globally
Brazilian Critical Minerals Ltd (BCM or the Company) (ASX: BCM) advises of completion of its Bankable
Feasibility Study (BFS) on its 100%-owned Ema Rare Earths Project (Ema Project) in southeastern
Amazonas, Brazil.
The BFS confirms Ema as a long-life, economically resilient rare earth project, advancing BCM’s pathway
toward development and strengthening its exposure to critical minerals underpinning global
electrification trends.
The BFS incorporates a comprehensive suite of technical, operational and engineering initiatives designed
to optimise project economics, de-risk future development pathways and support progression toward a
disciplined Final Investment Decision (FID). The study follows a pivotal year for the Ema development
team, including the successful completion of an extensive three-month in-situ recovery field trial program.
The Bankable Feasibility Study utilises the upgraded Ema Project Mineral Resource (ASX: BCM 22 Apr 26)
within the production schedule to optimise project design, support permitting efficiencies and facilitate a
disciplined pathway toward accelerated development. The BFS also incorporates detailed capital and
operating cost estimates, while all other major technical and economic assumptions were established
using first-principles calculations and benchmarking from comparable industry operations.
BANKABLE FEASIBILITY STUDY HIGHLIGHTS
■ Stage 1: US$74M Capex, inclusive of
• New US$19M CO2 capture storage system for Stage 1 & 2 production volumes
• Year 1 Wellfield development costs; and
• 14.4% contingency
■ Stage 1: BFS vs Scoping Study Capex on like for like basis is US$51M vs US$55M, a 7% reduction
■ Stage 2: US$27M Capex for 100% expansion
■ Post-tax NPV8 of US$1.47B: at Base Case (LOM) prices averaging US$108/kg NdPr
■ Post-tax IRR: 105%:
■ Payback period: calculated to 6 months
■ Operating Costs (C1): US$8.84/kg TREO (average LOM)
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The BFS outlines robust project economics, generating a post-tax NPV8 of US$1.47 billion through a
combination of low development capital, low operating costs, simplified processing flowsheets and the
production of a premium mixed rare earth carbonate (MREC) product from a long-life Mineral Resource.
The study highlights Ema’s potential to emerge as one of the Western world’s lowest-cost rare earth
projects supplying downstream-compatible MREC product.
Table 1: Bankable Feasibility Study key outcomes
Production Metrics Unit LOM High Case
Life of Mine years 20
Average Annual TREO produced t 5,500
Average Annual MREO produced t 1,900
TREO (in final MREC) % 52%
Base Case Price – NdPr US$/kg 108
High Case Price – NdPr US$/kg 130
NPV, returns and key metrics Base Case High Case
NPV8% (post-tax, ungeared) US$M 1,465 1,856
IRR (post-tax, nominal basis) % 105 124
Total Cash Flow (post-tax) US$M 3,369 4,239
EBITDA (LOM Avg) US$M 219 271
Payback period (pre-tax, from first
production)
months 6 3
Pre-production capital expenditure US$M 74 74
Unit cash operating costs
C1 Operating Cost – TREO US$/kg 8.84 8.84
C1 Operating Cost - MREO US$/kg 22.44 22.44
Payability % 70 70
The production target in this BFS contains 16% Inferred Mineral Resources. To the extent a production target is based on those
Inferred Mineral Resources, there is a low level of geological confidence associated with Inferred Mineral Resources and there is
no certainty that future exploration work will result in the determination of inferred mineral resources or that the production
target itself will be realised
Andrew Reid, Managing Director, commented:
“The results of the Bankable Feasibility Study further reinforce our belief that Ema has the potential to emerge as
one of the most compelling rare earth development projects globally.
The study highlights a combination of low capital intensity, low operating costs, strong projected cashflow generation
and robust financial returns, positioning Ema favourably amongst both existing producers and emerging rare earth
projects worldwide.
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Importantly, these outcomes are underpinned by the successful application of in-situ recovery (ISR), a development
approach that significantly reduces mining intensity, lowers infrastructure requirements and provides a scalable
lower risk pathway to long-term production.
Ema's financial performance is particularly significant given the conservative assumptions incorporated within the
study and the substantial remaining upside associated with resource expansion, wellfield optimisation, reagent
recycling initiatives and future production growth.
Beyond the financial metrics, the study confirms Ema's strategic importance as a potential long-term source of
magnet rare earths outside China at a time when governments, manufacturers and downstream processors are
increasingly focused on securing diversified supply chains.
We believe Ema is uniquely positioned at the intersection of low-cost production, scalability and strategic relevance,
providing a strong foundation as we advance toward project financing, permitting and a Final Investment Decision.
The completion of this study is not the end point for Ema, but rather the beginning of what we believe can become
one of the world's most significant ionic clay rare earth developments outside of China.”
1 For full details of the Mineral Resources estimate, please refer to (ASX: Apr 2026). BCM confirms that it is not aware of any new information
or data that materially affects the information included in that release. All material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the
estimates in that release continue to apply and have not materially changed.
KEY OPPORTUNITIES
■ Create one of the first large-scale Western ISR rare earth operations: Lower capital intensity,
lower operating costs, faster scalability, lower environmental footprint is particularly important
because globally, the lowest-cost ionic clay operations utilise similar extraction approaches
■ Become a strategic upstream supplier into Western rare earth supply chains: Brazilian
jurisdiction, western aligned, large-scale resource base1
, magnet-rich REE exposure (NdPr, Dy,
Tb). Ema is already being positioned around supply chain diversification, which is becoming
increasingly valuable as Western governments and manufacturers seek alternative sources
■ Develop a multi-decade rare earth production platform rather than a single mine: Longer mine
life, larger production optionality, ability to stage development, greater strategic value for offtake
partners
■ The inclusion of a diesel generator off-gas CO2 carbon capture storage unit significantly reduces
operating costs. With reuse of the CO2 into manufacturing magnesium bicarbonate transforms the
project into one with very high ESG credentials
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Figure 1. Location of the Ema project in Brazil
Key physical outcomes
In-situ recovery (ISR) has emerged as the dominant method for extracting rare earth elements (REE’s)
from ionic adsorption clay deposits, particularly within southern China where it has been deployed at
commercial scale for decades. BCM has designed an integrated engineering framework for ISR
development, focusing on leaching system design, recovery modelling, and permeability enhancement.
By coupling metallurgical recovery curves with hydrogeological models, the study demonstrates how
solution flow and recovery can be predicted throughput and translated into operational timelines.
The production profile in Figure 2 assumes that a series of pods are leaching sequentially and in parallel
over the 20-year life of mine, with those pods closest to the processing plant being developed first.
Scheduled production was sourced from April 2026 updated Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE >500ppm
TREO) and >130m elevation criteria which are considered ideal for ISR extraction. 16% of the total
production is sourced from the Inferred category of the MRE.
The BFS contemplates a LOM average processing capacity averaging 5,500tpa TREO (approximately
10,500tpa of shipped MREC) over the life-of-mine, through a 2-stage processing development. Stage 1
will be developed over the first 2 years followed by an expansion of 100% to Stage 2 and full nameplate
capacity in year 4, as outlined in figure 2 below.
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Figure 2: BFS Production profile over life of mine 20 years.
The Stage 1 process plant has designated production of 2,960tpa TREO containing approximately 35-40%
by mass magnet rare earth oxides (MREO) equal to approximately 1,020tpa. Once Stage 1 leaching
development is under full irrigation, Stage 2 construction at the same capacity as Stage 1 (2,960tpa TREO)
is planned to commence construction in year 2 ahead of commissioning and ramp-up towards nameplate
in years 3 and 4.
Over the 20-year life-of-mine, extraction of 109,500t of TREO is anticipated containing 38,000t of MREO.
Only a single final product will be produced, a mixed rare earth carbonate or MREC. This MREC, on average
produces a composition containing approximately 52% TREO, but can vary throughout the different pods
of clay mineralisation that are being leached over the LOM.
Table 2: BFS key physical outcomes. Numbers are rounded.
Production Metrics Unit Years 1-5 LOM
Life of Mine years 20
Total MREC produced t 39,900 210,500
Total TREO produced t 20,800 109,500
Total MREO produced t 7,300 38,020
Average TREO plant feed Grade ppm 1,184 1,184
MREO Recovery % 55 55
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Tonnes
Year
Annual Production by Year
Total MREC (t) Total TREO (t) Total MREO (t)
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Key economic outcomes
Projected economics for the Ema Project from the BFS Base Case pricing are outlined in Table 3.
• Low start-up capital requirements of $US74M inclusive of 14.4% contingency pre-
production, and inclusive of wellfield development costs of US$8.8M for the first year of
wellfield development costs.
• Post tax NPV8: US$1.47B over 20 years
• Post-tax IRR: 105% over 20 years
• 6-month payback
• Operating Cash Cost LOM (C1): US$8.84/kg of recovered TREO
• All in sustaining Cash Cost LOM: US$13.02/kg of recovered TREO
• Operating Cash Cost LOM (C1): US$22.44/kg of recovered MREO
• High Grade high value MREC containing 52% TREO over Life of Mine
• Stage 2 capital ramp-up costs of US$27M expected in year 2
• Annualised average production of ~5,500t TREO over LOM average production comprising
~1,900t MREO
Table 3: Key financial forecasts
Key financial outcomes Unit Base Case High Case
Price inputs (LOM average) +20%
R$:US$ (long term forecast) 5.15 5.15
NdPr price forecast – average LOM US$/kg 108 130
Dy price forecast – average LOM US$/kg 1,583 1,900
Tb price forecast – average LOM US$/kg 3,869 4,643
Cashflow & Earnings Metrics
Annual Revenue US$M 265 318
Total Revenue US$M 5,436 6,526
Project net cashflow (post-tax) US$M 3,369 4,239
NPV, returns and key metrics
NPV8% (pre-tax, ungeared) US$M 1,785 2,258
NPV8% (post-tax) US$M 1,465 1,856
IRR (pre-tax, nominal basis) % 120 142
IRR (post-tax, nominal basis) % 105 124
Payback period (pre-tax, from first production) months 6 3
Capital efficiency (pre-tax NPV / capex) multiple 16.2x 20.5x
Pre-production capital expenditure US$M 74 74
LOM sustaining capital expenditure US$M / year 12.95 12.95
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Key financial outcomes Unit Base Case High Case
Unit cash operating costs
Annual operating cost US$M 42.4 42.4
Annual operating cost US$/kg TREO 8.84 8.84
Annual AISC US$/kg MREO 37.50 37.50
Base Case: Weighted Average price based on Benchmark Intelligence commissioned pricing. High Case: Weighted Average price
based on Benchmark Intelligence commissioned pricing and escalated by 20% by BCM. Pre-Production Capital Expenditure is
inclusive of 14.4% contingency. Annual revenue is inclusive of the 70% payability and FOB Manaus.
Project Overview
The Ema Rare Earth Project is in the Apuí region of Amazonas State, northern Brazil, and represents
Brazilian Critical Minerals’ flagship ionic clay-hosted rare earth development opportunity. The project is
situated within a large weathered felsic volcanic terrain that has developed extensive clay-rich saprolite
horizons enriched in rare earth elements, including the high-value magnet rare earths neodymium,
praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium. The scale of the mineralised system, combined with favourable
leach characteristics and the potential application of low-impact in-situ recovery methods, positions Ema
as one of the most significant emerging ionic clay rare earth projects outside China. Through the
completion of resource definition, metallurgical testwork, environmental studies and feasibility activities,
BCM is advancing Ema toward development as a long-life, strategically important source of rare earth
supply for global clean energy, advanced manufacturing and defence supply chains.
The project comprises the Ema and Ema East tenement areas, covering approximately 189km² of
prospective felsic volcanic terrain that has developed extensive weathered clay-rich saprolite profiles
enriched in rare earth elements. The large tenement holding provides BCM with a substantial exploration
and development platform, supporting both the current resource base and the potential for future
resource growth as only 45% of the tenement area has been explored to date. The scale of the project
area also provides flexibility for staged development, allowing initial production to be focused on priority
starter zones while preserving a broader pipeline of mineralised areas for future life-of-mine expansion.
Combined with favourable leach characteristics, strong magnet rare earth content and the potential
application of low-impact in-situ recovery methods, the Ema Project is positioned as one of the most
significant emerging ionic clay rare earth projects outside China.
Study Parameters
The BFS is intended to present an advanced study level assessment and has been prepared to a standard
generally consistent with an industry Class 3 estimate basis, with an expected overall capital cost accuracy
range of approximately -15% to +15%, subject to the assumptions, exclusions, and qualifications
contained within this report. The degree of confidence varies between individual workstreams depending
on the maturity of available data, engineering definition, and external inputs.
Capital and operating cost estimates have been developed using a combination of quantity take-offs,
budget quotations, historical pricing, benchmark data, vendor budget inputs, local market intelligence,
and engineering judgement. Certain specialised packages and owner-managed costs remain subject to
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future tendering, negotiation, or confirmation.
The study incorporates a number of assumptions considered reasonable and appropriate to the level of
study. Key assumptions include, but are not limited to, the following:
Mineral Resource, Production and Mine Life
• Mineral Resource, and production schedule inputs supplied by relevant specialists are materially
representative of the planned operation.
• The Project can sustain nominal production over an assumed operating life of approximately 20
years, subject to staged wellfield development.
• Sufficient additional wellfield areas can be progressively developed to maintain production
continuity.
Hydrogeology and Wellfield Performance
• Field trial results and available hydrogeological data are representative of broader production
areas.
• Groundwater and solution flow behavior can be managed in accordance with the proposed
wellfield operating strategy.
• Solution recovery, recycle rates, and losses remain within ranges adopted for the Scoping Study.
• Injection and extraction infrastructure can be progressively installed in line with the production
schedule.
Metallurgy and Process Recovery
• Metallurgical testwork results are representative of expected operating performance.
• Process plant recoveries, reagent consumptions, and product quality assumptions adopted in the
mass balance are achievable on a commercial scale.
• Mixed Rare Earth Carbonate (“MREC”) product specifications are acceptable to target customers.
Infrastructure and Utilities
• Site access, construction conditions, and logistics pathways remain broadly consistent with
current understanding.
• Power generation, fuel supply, water supply, communications, and supporting services can be
established in accordance with the proposed implementation plan.
• Climatic conditions, including seasonal rainfall, can be managed through appropriate operational
and engineering controls.
Environmental and Permitting
• Required permits, licences, land access, and approvals can be obtained within the assumed
development schedule.
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• No material environmental or social constraints emerge beyond those currently identified.
Commercial and Financial
• Product pricing, exchange rates, taxation settings, royalties, freight costs, and other financial
inputs remain within reasonable forecasting ranges.
• Markets exist for the proposed MREC product on terms generally consistent with study
assumptions.
Updated Mineral Resource Estimate
The Mineral Resource Estimate ("MRE") for the Ema Project was updated by GE21 Consultoria Mineral on
behalf of the Company in accordance with the JORC Code (2012 Edition). The estimate is based on
geological interpretation, weathering domain modelling, assay data obtained from drilling programs
completed between 2023 and 2025, and geostatistical estimation techniques appropriate for ionic clay-
hosted rare earth deposits.
The Mineral Resource update followed the 2025 drilling program at the Ema Project, which focused solely
on the eastern mineralised extensional zones. This program comprised 101 auger holes drilled on nominal
300 m centres.
Table 4: 2026 Mineral Resource Estimation completed by GE21
JORC
Category
cut-off
ppm TREO
Tonnes
Mt
TREO
ppm
NdPr
ppm
DyTb
ppm
MREO
ppm
MREO:TREO
%
Indicated 500 392 773 184 17 200 25
Inferred 500 681 712 168 15 184 25
Total 500 1,071 732 174 16 190 25
Notes:
1. TREO = total rare earth oxides (CeO2, Dy2O3, Er2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Ho2O3, La2O3, Lu2O3, Nd2O3, Pr6O11, Sm2O3, Tb4O7, Tm2O3, Yb2O3) + Y2O3
2. NdPr=Pr6O11+Nd2O3
3. DyTb= Dy2O3 + Tb4O7
4. Totals may not balance due to rounding of figures.
5. The estimate of Mineral Resources are not Ore Reserves as they have not demonstrated economic viability and may be materially
affected by environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant factors.
6. Mineral resources were classified as Indicated and Inferred.
7. Mineral Resources are reported with Effective Date of March 10, 2026. Responsible CP is Leonardo Rocha (MAIG #7623).
8. Mineral Resources were prepared in accordance with Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore
Reserves (JORC Code, 2012) incorporating drilling data acquired by January 2025.
9. Blocks estimated by ordinary kriging at support of 100 m × 100 m × 4 m with sub-blocks 25 m × 25 m × 2 m.
10. The results are presented in situ and undiluted, are constrained within an eventual optimized open pit shell, and are considered to have
reasonable prospects of economic viability, using the following parameters:
a. Pit slope angle: 25°;
b. Selling Prices: estimated by element oxide;
c. Costs: mining: 2,13US$/t mined; process: 7.23 US$/t processed; royalties: 2% of revenue; selling costs: 7.03US$/kg REO;
Metallurgical Efficiencies estimated by element.
The MRE now has 1,071Mt @ 732ppm for a contained 785,436t of total rare earth oxides.
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This revised MRE contains new drill hole data and updated domain wireframes as the April 2026 Resource
Estimate (ASX: Apr 2026), otherwise all other assumptions remain unchanged.
Leaching schedule incorporating upgraded Ema Mineral Resource Estimate
Nameplate capacity once both processing plants are up and running is approximately 6,000tpa TREO,
Figure 3.
Production is scheduled to occur in a series of pods sequentially to maintain a suitable grade going
to the process plant. Material above the elevation of 130mRL and >500ppm TREO was selected as
the material criteria for limiting the leaching boundaries. Grades and oxide contents inside the
500ppm boundary where then calculated >50ppm TREO to determine production scenarios as the
entire profile of saprolite is leached with ISR, not just the material >500ppm.
Figure 3: Mine Schedule by year and JORC Category
Over the course of the 20-year LOM, approximately 109,500 tonnes of TREO containing 38,020 tonnes of
MREO will be leached. 16% of the produced MREC material is from the Inferred JORC category. No Ore
reserve has been calculated for this study.
Capital Cost Estimate
Capital expenditure has been classified as either Initial Capital or Sustaining Capital. Initial Capital
comprises the facilities, infrastructure, equipment, and development activities required to establish the
Project and achieve first production. Sustaining Capital comprises the ongoing capital investment required
to maintain production throughout the operating life of the Project, including development of future
wellfield areas and replacement of selected capital equipment.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Tonnes
MREC
Year
MREC Production by JORC Category
Indicated MREC (t) Inferred MREC (t)
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The updated capital estimate highlights the low-capital intensity of the Ema development pathway, with
the base case capital requirement of US$74 million, incorporating the new on-site carbon capture and
storage system (CCS) for the production of magnesium bicarbonate. The CCS system value is US$19M and
is included as a key piece of infrastructure because of it’s potential to deliver substantial operating,
reagent and sustainability cost reductions through reduction of trucking costs.
Table 5: Capital Summary Expenditure
CAPEX Summary
Cost Contingency
Total
Incl. Contingency
(US$M) % Cost (US$M)
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS: 6.19 15.0% 7.12
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS: 58.24 14.3% 66.59
TOTAL 64.43 14.4% 73.71
First year of Wellfield development costs totaling US$8.8M are included in Table 5 numbers.
Comparison to Scoping Study
The Company continues to evaluate costs and infrastructure options which were identical to those
developed in Scoping Study, however at this stage it is leaning heavily towards the CCS on-site option
outlined above Table 5. If however this option was to be developed, the costs in Table 6 show a
comparison vs the scoping study on a like-for-like basis. This includes the removal of the CCS and wellfield
development costs for Year 1.
Table 6: Optional Capital Summary Expenditure, BFS vs Scoping Study
CAPEX Summary
BFS
(like for like)
Scoping Study %
Difference
Cost (US$M) Cost (US$M)
CAPITAL COSTS 44.74 41.9 6.8%
CONTINGENCY 6.32 13.23 -52.2%
TOTAL CAPITAL COSTS: 51.06 55.13 -7.4%
Basis of Estimate & Accuracy
The estimate has been prepared generally in accordance with the principles of an AACE International Class
3 estimate, which is considered appropriate for the level of engineering definition associated with a BFS.
The expected accuracy range of the estimate is approximately ±15%, subject to the assumptions,
exclusions, and qualifications identified.
The capital cost estimate base date was April 2026. Costs are presented in Brazilian Real (“BRL”) as the
primary estimating currency, with conversion to United States Dollars (“USD”) provided for reporting
purposes. No allowance has been included for escalation beyond the estimate base date.
The estimate accuracy reflects the combined maturity of engineering definition, quantity development,
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pricing information, and project execution assumptions available at the time of preparation.
Estimate Methodology & Pricing Basis
The capital cost estimate has been developed using a bottom-up estimating methodology based on
engineering deliverables prepared during the BFS. The estimate has been built from discipline-specific
material take-offs (“MTOs”), equipment lists, and engineering calculations, with quantities measured
from project design documentation wherever practical.
The estimate methodology was selected to minimise reliance on high-level factoring methods typically
used during earlier stages of project development. Major components of the estimate have been derived
from engineering deliverables, including:
• civil earthworks quantities developed from site layouts, grading models, and earthworks
calculations;
• concrete quantities developed from foundation and structural requirements;
• structural steel quantities based on building and support structure designs;
• mechanical equipment quantities based on the mechanical equipment list;
• piping quantities developed from process layouts, P&IDs, and pipe routing information;
• electrical equipment quantities based on load lists, equipment schedules, and electrical design
information; and
• wellfield quantities based on the wellfield layout, injection well count, extraction system design,
and associated infrastructure requirements.
Table 7: Capital Summary by Discipline
Indirect Costs
Cost Contingency
Total
Incl. Contingency
(US$M) % Cost (US$M)
Mobilisation - Personnel 0.05 15.0% 0.05
Mobilisation - Plant & Equipment 0.80 15.0% 0.92
Insurances & Bank Guarantees 0.00 15.0% 0.00
Flights & Accommodation 0.40 15.0% 0.46
Site Establishment 1.13 15.0% 1.30
Site Management 0.64 15.0% 0.74
Off-Site Management 1.65 15.0% 1.89
Site Support - Indirects 0.80 15.0% 0.92
Demobilisation & Site Cleanup 0.73 15.0% 0.84
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS: 6.19 15.0% 7.12
Direct Costs Sub-Total Contingency
Total
Incl. Contingency
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Cost (US$M) % Cost (US$M)
Engineering 3.13 15.0% 3.60
Earthworks 5.60 12.6% 6.31
Concrete 1.13 14.5% 1.30
Architectural 1.09 15.0% 1.25
Structural 6.08 15.0% 6.99
Platework 0.32 15.0% 0.36
Mechanical 25.08 15.0% 28.84
Piping 6.17 11.0% 6.85
Electrical 5.45 15.0% 6.26
Commissioning 0.75 15.0% 0.86
Construction Management 1.96 15.0% 2.25
Plant & Equipment 1.49 15.0% 1.71
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS: 58.24 14.3% 66.59
TOTAL 64.43 14.4% 73.71
Initial Capital includes all facilities and infrastructure required to establish the Project and commence
commercial production. This includes development of the initial production wellfield, construction of the
process plant, process ponds, water management infrastructure, power generation facilities, buildings,
roads, and supporting site infrastructure.
The largest capital cost components are associated with the process plant, wellfield development,
earthworks, water management infrastructure, and power generation facilities. Due to the remote
location of the Project, allowances for logistics, mobilisation, site establishment, and construction indirect
costs also represent a significant portion of the total project capital.
Table 8: Direct Cost Summary by Area
Direct costs
Sub-total Contingency
Sub-total
Proportion of direct
costs
incl.
Contingency
Cost (US$M) % Cost (US$M) %
Wellfield (Year 1) 7.85 11.8% 8.78 13.2%
Process Plant 16.18 14.1% 18.47 27.7%
Non-Process Infrastructure 5.19 15.0% 5.96 9.0%
Water Services & Dams 0.74 16.0% 0.86 1.3%
Power Generation 2.71 15.0% 3.11 4.7%
Carbon Capture System 19.70 15.0% 22.65 34.0%
Roads 0.05 15.0% 0.05 0.1%
EPCM Services 5.83 15.0% 6.71 10.1%
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS: 58.24 14.3% 66.59 100.0%
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Wellfield Development Cost Basis
Due to the nature of the extraction method wellfield pre-development activities have been treated as
sustaining capital costs and applied progressively at the time they are expensed (Table 8).
Over the 20-year LOM, US$258M in total sustaining capital costs have been included (Table 8). On a per
kg TREO basis, this contributes approximately US$
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